Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. The extent and scope of future AI capabilities remain a key uncertainty, with widespread disagreement on timelines and potential impacts. As nations and technology companies race toward greater complexity and autonomy in AI systems, there are concerns over the extent of integration and oversight of opaque AI decision processes. This is especially true in the subfield of machine learning (ML), where systems learn to optimize objectives without human assistance. Objectives can be imperfectly specified or executed in an unexpected or potentially harmful way. This becomes more concerning as systems increase in power and autonomy, where an abrupt capability jump could result in unexpected shifts in power dynamics or even catastrophic failures. This study presents a hierarchical complex systems framework to model AI risk and provide a template for alternative futures analysis. Survey data were collected from domain experts in the public and private sectors to classify AI impact and likelihood. The results show increased uncertainty over the powerful AI agent scenario, confidence in multiagent environments, and increased concern over AI alignment failures and influence-seeking behavior.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Many scientific domains gather sufficient labels to train machine algorithms through human-in-the-loop techniques provided by the Zooniverse.org citizen science platform. As the range of projects, task types and data rates increase, acceleration of model training is of paramount concern to focus volunteer effort where most needed. The application of Transfer Learning (TL) between Zooniverse projects holds promise as a solution. However, understanding the effectiveness of TL approaches that pretrain on large-scale generic image sets vs. images with similar characteristics possibly from similar tasks is an open challenge. We apply a generative segmentation model on two Zooniverse project-based data sets: (1) to identify fat droplets in liver cells (FatChecker; FC) and (2) the identification of kelp beds in satellite images (Floating Forests; FF) through transfer learning from the first project. We compare and contrast its performance with a TL model based on the COCO image set, and subsequently with baseline counterparts. We find that both the FC and COCO TL models perform better than the baseline cases when using >75% of the original training sample size. The COCO-based TL model generally performs better than the FC-based one, likely due to its generalized features. Our investigations provide important insights into usage of TL approaches on multi-domain data hosted across different Zooniverse projects, enabling future projects to accelerate task completion.

Neural Radiance Field (NeRF), a new novel view synthesis with implicit scene representation has taken the field of Computer Vision by storm. As a novel view synthesis and 3D reconstruction method, NeRF models find applications in robotics, urban mapping, autonomous navigation, virtual reality/augmented reality, and more. Since the original paper by Mildenhall et al., more than 250 preprints were published, with more than 100 eventually being accepted in tier one Computer Vision Conferences. Given NeRF popularity and the current interest in this research area, we believe it necessary to compile a comprehensive survey of NeRF papers from the past two years, which we organized into both architecture, and application based taxonomies. We also provide an introduction to the theory of NeRF based novel view synthesis, and a benchmark comparison of the performance and speed of key NeRF models. By creating this survey, we hope to introduce new researchers to NeRF, provide a helpful reference for influential works in this field, as well as motivate future research directions with our discussion section.

由于大规模数据集的可用性，通常在特定位置和良好的天气条件下收集的大规模数据集，近年来，自动驾驶汽车的感知进展已加速。然而，为了达到高安全要求，这些感知系统必须在包括雪和雨在内的各种天气条件下进行稳健运行。在本文中，我们提出了一个新数据集，以通过新颖的数据收集过程启用强大的自动驾驶 - 在不同场景（Urban，Highway，乡村，校园），天气，雪，雨，阳光下，沿着15公里的路线反复记录数据），时间（白天/晚上）以及交通状况（行人，骑自行车的人和汽车）。该数据集包括来自摄像机和激光雷达传感器的图像和点云，以及高精度GPS/ins以在跨路线上建立对应关系。该数据集包括使用Amodal掩码捕获部分遮挡和3D边界框的道路和对象注释。我们通过分析基准在道路和对象，深度估计和3D对象检测中的性能来证明该数据集的独特性。重复的路线为对象发现，持续学习和异常检测打开了新的研究方向。链接到ITHACA365：https：//ithaca365.mae.cornell.edu/

通过一系列联邦举措和命令，美国政府一直在努力确保美国在AI中的领导。这些广泛的战略文件影响了美国空军美国部（DAF）等组织。DAF-MIT AI加速器是DAF和MIT之间的一项计划，以弥合AI研究人员与DAF任务要求之间的差距。DAF-MIT AI加速器支持的几个项目正在开发公共挑战问题，这些问题解决了许多联邦AI研究的重点。这些挑战是通过公开可用的大型AI-Ready数据集，激励开源解决方案，并为可以激发进一步研究的双重使用技术创建需求信号，来针对优先事项。在本文中，我们描述了正在开发的这些公共挑战以及它们的应用如何促进科学进步。

将机器学习算法转换为临床应用需要解决与解释性有关的挑战，例如考虑混杂变量（或元数据）的影响。混杂变量会影响输入训练数据和目标输出之间的关系。当我们在此类数据上训练模型时，混杂的变量会偏向于学习功能的分布。最近有前途的解决方案元数据归一化（MDN）估计了基于不可训练的封闭形式解决方案的元数据与每个特征之间的线性关系。但是，该估计受到迷你批量的样本量的限制，因此可能导致该方法在训练过程中不稳定。在本文中，我们通过应用罚款方法（称为PDMN）扩展了MDN方法。我们将问题投入到双层嵌套的优化问题中。然后，我们使用惩罚方法近似此优化问题，以便MDN层中的线性参数可以训练并在所有样本上学习。这使PMDN可以插入任何架构，甚至可以运行批处理级操作，例如变形金刚和经常性模型。我们在合成实验中使用PMDN和MDN的混杂因素和更大的独立性表现出了更大的独立性，并且在合成实验中和多标签的多站点的磁共振图像数据集（MRIS）。

金属有机框架（MOF）是一类模块化的多孔晶体材料，具有巨大的革命性应用，例如储气，分子分离，化学感应，催化和药物输送。剑桥结构数据库（CSD）报告了10,636个合成的MOF晶体，此外还包含CA。114,373个类似MOF的结构。综合数量（加上可能合成的）MOF结构数量庞大，需要研究人员追求计算技术来筛选和分离MOF候选物。在此演示论文中，我们描述了我们在利用知识图方法方面促进MOF预测，发现和综合方面的努力。我们提出了有关（1）从结构化和非结构化来源构建MOF知识图（MOF-KG）的挑战和案例研究，以及（2）利用MOF-KG来发现新知识或缺失知识。

科学数据的一套简洁且可衡量的公平（可访问，可互操作和可重复使用的）原则正在转变用于数据管理和管理的最新实践，以支持和支持发现和创新。从这项计划中学习，并承认人工智能（AI）在科学和工程实践中的影响，我们为AI模型引入了一套实用，简洁和可衡量的公平原则。我们展示了如何在统一的计算框架内创建和共享公平的数据和AI模型，结合了以下要素：Argonne国家实验室的高级光子源，材料数据设施，科学数据和学习中心，Funcx和Argonne Leadersition的数据和学习中心计算设施（ALCF），尤其是ALCF AI测试台的Thetagpu SuperCuputer和Sambanova Datascale系统。我们描述了如何利用这种域 - 不足的计算框架来实现自主AI驱动的发现。

开发对手挑战NLP系统的方法是提高模型性能和解释性的有前途的途径。在这里，我们描述了团队在第一个动态对抗数据收集（DADC）的任务1中“长角牛”的方法，该研讨会要求团队手动欺骗一个模型，以挖掘出挖掘的问题回答任务。我们的团队首先结束，模型错误率为62％。我们主张采用系统的，语言知情的方法来制定对抗性问题，并描述了试点实验的结果以及我们的官方提交。